New crops enhance profits and environment in Minnesota

By Scout Nelson

In Minnesota, a transformative agricultural approach is taking root, as suggested by a recent report titled “Putting Down Roots.” This report, spearheaded by the University of Minnesota’s Forever Green Initiative and nonprofit Friends of the Mississippi River, sheds light on the untapped potential of Minnesota's winter croplands. 

Minnesota's croplands often remain barren in winter, a missed opportunity for farmers to increase earnings and contribute positively to the environment by planting specific crops. 

The report's co-author, Trevor Russell, underscores the potential of these new crops. Developed by Forever Green's team, including Associate Director Mitch Hunter, these crops offer “continuous living cover.” This term refers to year-round live roots in the soil and above-ground greenery that help reduce soil erosion, nutrient runoff, and greenhouse gas emissions. 

Financially, these crops hold promise. The report projects a potential 20% increase in farm profits by 2050, thanks to the cultivation of these 'cash cover crops.' Unlike conventional cover crops, these can be harvested and sold, offering a direct financial incentive to farmers. 

Winter camelina and domesticated pennycress are crops that can be planted in fall and harvested in spring, allowing them to fit into existing farming schedules without affecting conventional crops like corn and soybeans, and can also be converted into renewable biofuels. 

The adoption of these winter annual oilseeds could result in significant environmental benefits. By 2050, their widespread cultivation could lead to a 23% reduction in nitrogen loss and a 35% decrease in soil erosion. This would not only aid in cleaning Minnesota's waters but also curb greenhouse gas emissions. 

The report suggests Minnesota will plant 5.5 million acres of crops over 25 years, aiming for environmental stewardship and economic growth. This would transform dormant fields into productive lands, enhancing the ecosystem and economy, and Russell calls it a "win-win" scenario for Minnesota's agriculture. 

Photo Credit - university-of-minnesota