By Scout Nelson
Ken Hellevang, a grain drying expert, highlights the importance of proper grain storage management during late winter and spring. As outdoor temperatures begin to rise, stored grain faces a higher risk of spoilage, insect activity, and moisture problems. Farmers must closely monitor grain bins during this time to protect grain quality and maintain safe storage conditions.
During the spring season, daily outdoor temperatures often change quickly. In many areas, temperatures can rise and fall by 25 to 30 degrees in a single day. These changes warm the grain and bin walls during the day and cool them at night. As a result, the grain near the bin wall tends to stay close to the average temperature.
Because grain acts as an insulator, temperature changes usually affect only the grain near the bin walls. Dry grains that has already been cooled to about 20 to 30 degrees in northern regions or 30 to 40 degrees in central states are usually not affected by these daily changes.
However, solar heat can create another challenge. During spring, sunlight hitting the south side of grain bins can produce more than twice the heat gain compared to summer. This warming, along with heat from the bin roof, can increase the risk of grain spoilage. Even a small temperature rise can shorten storage life. For example, corn stored at 17 percent moisture may last about 130 days at 50 degrees Fahrenheit, but only about 45 days if the temperature reaches 70 degrees.
Aeration fans are an important tool for managing grain temperature. When grain is dry, farmers should run aeration fans periodically during spring to keep grain temperatures below 40 degrees for as long as possible. Cool night air during April and early May can help reduce grain temperatures.
Farmers should also check bin vents regularly. Frost or ice can block vents during cold weather and create pressure that may damage the roof. Opening fill or access doors can help release pressure during fan operation.
Monitoring grain conditions is essential. Farmers should check grain temperature every two weeks during spring and summer. They should also inspect grain for insects and measure moisture levels.
Different grains require specific moisture levels for safe summer storage. Corn should be dried to 13 to 14 percent moisture, soybeans to 11 to 12 percent, wheat to about 13 percent, barley to 12 percent, and oil sunflowers to about 7 to 8 percent.
Grain stored in bags also requires careful monitoring. Solar heating can cause temperature differences inside the bag, which may move moisture and lead to spoilage.
Finally, safety must always be a priority when handling stored grain. Farmers should follow recommended safety practices whenever working around grain bins or storage systems.
Photo Credit: gettyimages-romaset
Categories: Minnesota, Crops, Weather