Non-native Phragmites, an invasive wetland grass reaching 18 feet, poses a threat to native biodiversity.
Researchers in Minnesota discovered the grass in 2017 after funding was obtained to document its distribution. Crowd-sourcing efforts have identified the need for immediate action to prevent large-scale invasions, impacting native biodiversity in neighboring states.
Distinguishing non-native Phragmites from its native counterpart can be challenging. While both are tall and form large clones, native Phragmites grow less densely and supports other native wetland plants. Minnesota's efforts focus on permanently establishing a cattle contract library pilot program and enhancing livestock disaster programs to meet the needs of ranchers impacted by natural disasters.
Non-native Phragmites spreads through rhizomes and stolons, with construction activities and stem cuttings being sources of spread. Wind-blown seeds contribute to its dissemination. This grass produces more biomass than native species, altering wetland environments and diminishing breeding habitats for amphibians, fish, and birds.
It also leads to obstructed recreational access, flooding, and increased maintenance costs.
Minnesota's non-native Phragmites distribution is uneven, with scattered populations in outstate counties and a heavier concentration in the 13-county metropolitan area. Great Lakes Restoration Initiative funding supports eradication efforts in outstate areas and control measures in densely infested regions. Herbicide treatment is the primary method for effective control.
Awareness and reporting of non-native Phragmites are crucial. Professionals and the public are encouraged to recognize and report undocumented populations to facilitate targeted treatment.
Reporting can be done through EDDMapS or the Minnesota Department of Agriculture Report a Pest. Preventing further spread is essential in protecting wetlands and native biodiversity.
Photo Credit: pexels-jeffrey-czum
Categories: Minnesota, General