The agricultural scene this year is marked by a contrast of wet springs transitioning to dry conditions, making for a challenging growing season. Drs. Jeff Coulter and Seth Naeve, seasoned Extension agronomists, provided essential crop updates during a recent session moderated by Anthony Hanson, an Extension crops educator.
Corn Insights:
Coulter observes that the Corn is improving, but areas still face challenges due to inconsistent rainfall patterns and pollination. Kernels are affected by warm and dry spells. The crop is in the late milk to early dough stage, with moisture allowing larger kernels, while drier conditions may hinder this. If conditions remain optimal, significant kernel filling may occur.
Yield Estimation:
Crop yield is complex, involving kernel number and weight. A step-by-step process involves counting rows on ears, counting kernels in rows, and estimating kernels per acre. This is then divided by kernels per bushel, which can be challenging to calculate.
Hail's Impact:
Hail has caused significant setbacks in south-central Minnesota. Especially during tasseling, hail can be disastrous. Hail-damaged leaves won't regenerate, and damages often range between 30-50%. Bruised stalks can also lead to lodging issues during the season.
For hail-damaged corn, harvesting for silage becomes a viable option but needs careful consideration due to potential issues like mycotoxins and high nitrate levels.
Concerns and Predictions:
Coulter isn’t foreseeing an early frost, thanks to the corn crop being about 10 days ahead of the usual pace, credited to the season's warmth.
Soybean Situation:
Naeve, with his 25-year experience in Minnesota, reports unusual calls about soybean development and performance issues. He believes the soybeans' pursuit for moisture may have bypassed essential nutrients, resulting in shorter soybeans with reduced yield potential. High temperatures may further reduce yield potential.
Estimating Soybean Yield:
Naeve advises against premature yield estimation for soybeans. Instead, he suggests focusing on the canopy's state and upcoming weather forecasts.
Soybeans can dramatically adjust seed size and yield towards the season's end. This aspect often becomes the yield-limiting factor.
Hail Damage on Soybeans:
Hail during the R5.5 phase is damaging, as the plant stops leaf production. Studies reveal that a 100% leaf loss can lead to a 75% yield loss. Yet, there's hope for recovery with lower damage levels.
For a comprehensive guide, visit Hail damage to corn and soybeans in August.
Photo Credit: getty-images-elhenyo
Categories: Minnesota, Crops, Corn, Soybeans, Weather