By Scout Nelson
Training young grapevines is an important step in building a healthy and productive vineyard. Grapevines need more careful training than many other crops. Proper shaping helps plants grow well, produce good fruit, and stay strong for many years.
Training systems define the shape of the grapevine, while trellis systems provide support. These two work together. Some systems, like Geneva Double Curtain, need large structures, while simpler systems like Vertical Shoot Positioning and High Cordon use flat trellises. The choice depends on plant growth, space, and ease of work.
Growers must think about vine growth and comfort. Taller vines can avoid frost but may be harder to manage. Some varieties grow upright and suit vertical systems, while others spread more and need different support. The trellis should also protect fruit quality and allow easy harvesting.
There are two common pruning methods. Spur pruning keeps permanent cordons and renews small shoots. Cane pruning replaces canes each year and works well where buds survive cold weather. Both methods help maintain plant productivity.
Training starts in the first year with trunk development. Shoots are guided upward using support sticks. Flowers or fruit clusters are removed, so the plant focuses on growth.
In the second year, strong shoots become trunks. Shoots grow from the top and are trained along a wire to form a cordon. Some extra leaves are kept supporting plant energy. A backup shoot from the base can help if damage occurs.
During the third year, spurs are formed by cutting canes. These spurs will produce fruit in the future. Light fruiting may begin if vines are healthy. Proper tying and spacing are important at this stage.
From the fourth year, vines produce full crops. Regular pruning, shoot thinning, and canopy management improve sunlight and airflow. This helps maintain good fruit quality and healthy plants.
Photo Credit: istock-jhvephoto
Categories: Minnesota, Crops, Fruits and Vegetables