Boost Soil Health Through Quick Checks

By Scout Nelson

Understanding your soil condition is essential for improving productivity and sustainability. Fall is an ideal time to evaluate soil health, as post-harvest conditions reveal important clues about soil structure, erosion, and biology.

Conducting an in-field soil health assessment is a simple, hands-on process that can be completed in 15–20 minutes using just a shovel and your observational skills.

The assessment focuses on physical and biological soil properties to determine how your soil functions. Experts recommend performing the assessment in multiple field locations for a complete overview. For assistance, contact your local NRCS or SWCD office for professional guidance and management recommendations.

When assessing soil, observe several indicators:

• Surface Cover: Healthy soil should have at least 75% cover from plant residues to prevent erosion and maintain nutrient cycling.
• Crusting: Avoid surfaces that are sealed or hardened, as they reduce water infiltration.
• Soil Structure: Good soil has crumb-like aggregates that break apart easily, supporting root growth and water flow.
• Compaction: Healthy soil should feel loose and easy to dig; compacted soil restricts roots and water movement.
• Roots and Biology: Strong root systems and active organisms like earthworms (at least three per shovelful) indicate a thriving soil ecosystem.

After assessing, reflect on your observations and record notes or photos. Identify priority areas such as erosion, compaction, or poor infiltration. Set small, realistic goals for improvement each season. Maintain surface cover, reduce tillage, and grow cover crops to protect and enrich your soil.

Healthy soils absorb water efficiently, resist erosion, and support crop resilience. Consistent management—like increasing organic matter, avoiding field work when soils are wet, and promoting biological activity—builds long-term soil health.

To learn more about improving soil quality, visit your local NRCS or SWCD office or explore educational resources on soil management and covering crops. Taking small steps today helps ensure your soil stays healthy, productive, and sustainable for years to come.

Photo Credit: pexels-jan-kroon